Saturday, June 30, 2012
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Saker numbers expected to increase by 2015
Published June 25, 2012 in the UB Post
A favorite bird of Chinggis Khan, 150 Saker Falcons will be
exported this year, an agreement reached at a Mongolian cabinet meeting earlier
this month.
The most commonly used raptor by Arabic falconers, the endangered
Saker Falcon (falco cherrug), with
its brown underbelly, gunmetal gray flight feathers and 35-42 cm wingspan, is a
highly sought after export in the Gulf Arab countries. Sales of the falcon, both
legal and illegal, have increased exponentially since the collapse of the
Soviet Union, which has created international pressure for countries hosting
the falcons to protect them from extinction.
Known for its ability to adapt to desert climatea, the last
fifteen years have seen a substantial increase in the illegal Saker trade to
the Middle East, directly threatening the already low numbers of the species. The
illegal trade is difficult to track, claim the researchers from the Middle East
Falcon Research Group, due to the migratory patterns of the falcon, which
stretches from Mongolia to parts of Africa. The most striking decline in recent
years has been seen in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, directly funneling bird
smugglers into Mongolia in hopes of trapping a falcon. While UNESCO recognizes
falconry as a ‘living cultural heritage,’ the exportation of endangered falcons
such as the Saker creates an immense challenge when trying to balance
ecological factors with recognized global traditions. With Saker Falcons
selling for 10,000 to 12,000 USD, it’s no wonder that the illegal trade
continues, regardless of biological considerations.
Legal trade of the falcon has picked up in the last decade,
with Mongolia legally exporting 2,700 Saker Falcons from 2000-2010, earning the
country an estimated 11 million USD. According to 2010 estimates, less than
7,000 falcons remain in-country, and the fact that the endangered falcon is
exported at all has some critics and environmentalists up in arms. Worldwide
estimates by Birdlife international pin the Saker population somewhere between
12800 and 30800 individual falcons.
While the Mongolian government has decreased the amount of
exports in the last four years, from 300 to 150, the necessity for bilateral
relations between Mongolia and the Gulf continues to have continued to
influence the legal trade. The building of the new parliament house,
preservation of the Gobi bear, as well as a 22 million dollar road project all
have been undertaken with funding from Gulf Arab countries. All of these things
come under consideration during debates to limit Saker exportation.
Recently, a five year Saker program was executed by the
Environmental Agency-Abu Dhabi, the Wildlife Science and Conservation Center
(WSCC) and International Wildlife Consultants (IWC), showing some signs of
progress on Mongolia’s vast steppe. As it can be difficult for Saker Falcons to
find viable nesting areas on the barren step, 5,000 metal barrels on poles with
holes cut into the sides have been installed in Saker breeding areas. The 2011
results show that 201 pairs of falcons have chosen the barrels as a nest,
something that scientist see as good results. Scientists for the project also
hope to implement microchips onto the young falcons, helping to decrease the
number of Sakers that are exported illegally.
Researchers aren’t the only ones enthusiastic about the
Saker project. Local herders claim that the nests have brought more falcons
into the region, which has decreased the amount of rodents that are notorious
for destroying prime grazing lands. The program’s target is to have 500 pairs
of Sakers producing 1500 chicks in their artificial nests by 2015. They also
hope to inspire ecotourism in the areas where nests are erected.
With conservation measures being implemented, Saker numbers
are expected to go up in the coming years. However, for the bird to be
adequately preserved in Mongolia, a crack down on the illegal export trade will
need to be instigated to prevent the number of Sakers from declining. Further
research will also need to be done regarding the artificial nests, ensuring
that the population is increasing in a way that isn’t triggering an increase in
illegal exportation. If Mongolia continues along the path of conservation, it
very well may be the only safe haven for Saker Falcons in the near future.
Weekend getaway: Darkhan
Published Monday June 18th in the UB Post
You’re an expat
living in Mongolia or a Mongolian needing a little break from the everyday
grind. Maybe you are very familiar with
UB, maybe you have rarely left the comfort of your office or the delicacies of your
favorite restaurants, maybe you thrive in the city and are less than thrilled
about visiting the countryside. You love familiarity, the creature comforts,
the nightlife, the supposed security of UB. Besides, you have a two week
vacation every year and you can just visit someplace else in Asia during that
time. You’ve heard of Darkhan, the third largest city in Mongolian nestled
along the Trans-Siberian Railway, but have thought nothing of it. After all,
what does Darkhan have to offer that UB can’t provide?
An industrial base
created in 1960 by the Soviets, Darkhan lies just three hours away from UB, two
and a half if your taxi driver drinks a Red Bull before departure, four if the
road is especially congested, three and a half if you cram yourself onto a bus,
and most surprisingly, six if you go by train. It’s close by, it’s quiet and
the local economy has picked up in recent years due to coal mining and grain
production. It’s a city that you can circle by foot within an hour and a half,
a city near enough to the Russian border to make it unique to other cities you
might have visited in Mongolia. It’s a place that you can do most of the things
you can do in UB, from going to clubs to visiting monasteries and museums.
Braving a journey
to the mysterious Darkhan, former UB Post editor Timothy McLaughlin, a local
teacher named Sara Wilson, and yours truly, decided to take it upon ourselves
to discover what Darkhan truly had to offer. The following is an account of our
less than arduous journey.
Picking the worst day possible to leave UB, we
braved the rain as we negotiated with taxi drivers at the Dragon Center. Agreeing
on a price, we sat in his stuffy taxi twenty minutes or so while he tried to
find another person to take to Darkhan. After all, a taxi (technically) has
four seats available and we were only filling three.
Like good expats, we quickly grew impatient
and asked the driver if he would leave immediately, offering to pay him extra.
The driver, a stocky Mongolian man with an almost fetish-like affection for
leather jackets, readily agreed to our price and hopped in the taxi, speeding
away from the Dragon Center and doing his best to avoid pedestrians, puddles
and any chance of fresh air coming into the vehicle by child-locking the
windows. Total cost of the ride: 60,000 MNT split three ways.
We arrived in
Darkhan three hours later. The trip was relatively painless, and the candy
hills of Selenge province, pink from the sun, random herders with peppered
flocks on nearby hillsides, vast miles of blue sky with occasional clouds casting
heavy shadows below and the general smoothness of the road, greatly lifted our
spirits. We were dropped off outside a random delguur, and picked up within
minutes by one of my students, Batchimeg, who had offered to be our tour guide.
Our first stop was
the Kharaa hotel, where we shared a room for 30,000 MNT also split three ways. It
was a nice hotel, a bit confusing at first as our guide Batchimeg lead us
through a labyrinth-like secret entrance (while far from secret, it sounds
better this way), but the rooms had hot water and were old but comfortable.
After settling in,
we were escorted via Batchimeg’s mother’s minivan to the popular Texas Pub, and
sat down at a table not far from the extremely loud, but fairly decent live
band. Decorated with pictures of Clint Eastwood, John Wayne, Texas regalia,
ropes tied from the heating pipes on the ceiling, pictures of New Mexico,
painted barbed wire and mounted horns: the phrase ‘out of place’ does not
accurately define the restaurant dedicated to Texas in the middle of nowhere
Mongolia, over 7,000 miles away from the Lone Star State. I can say this with
authority having been born in Texas. (Interesting note: Darkhan is a partner
city with Irving, Texas, home of ExxonMobil).
We shared two
pizzas, sipped a few cocktails and beer, and had a great time at the Texas Pub.
We quickly settled our tab, as Darkhan nightlife was calling and due to local
bar curfews (they actually follow the rules in Darkhan), we were in a hurry to
get dancing. Before heading to DD Club, we toured the giant Morinkhuur statue
on the northeastern side of the new town and did a quick circumambulation of
the chipped golden Buddha statue on the hill. After getting our religion and
tradition out of the way, we hurried to DD Club to see what all the local buzz
was about.
For a tax of 1,000 MNT, DD Club is
not only the best deal in Mongolia, it also rivals if not beats the hottest
clubs in UB. With a weird space-age glass floor covering what looks like a
Martian landscape cast in green, cool spheres on the walls, nice lighting,
ample seating, great bottle prices, friendly enough locals, and an interesting
steel beam structure surrounding the dance floor, DD Club did not disappoint. We
danced, we watched a small girl fight break out, we drank and were merry.
DD Club closed
before twelve, and we were left to wander the streets of Darkhan for the next
hour or so, something which we soon realized was a common Saturday night for
the youth in the city. Retiring to our hotel, we vowed to tackle the city of
Darkhan in the morning, hopefully seeing all the sights before our planned
departure at two.
While we didn’t
succeed in seeing everything the following morning, for example, we missed the
Kharaagiin Khiid Buddhist monastery, which is housed in an old log cabin in the
‘old town’ section of the city. Also due to the fact it was Sunday, we missed
the Museum of Darkhan-Uul, which hosts a collection of archeological findings
and taxidermies. We did succeed in meeting our guide Batchimeg at a local
bakery and filling ourselves with some sort of Russian pastry item, followed by
Korean food at Bulgogi Family, gorging ourselves on Bibimbab.
We finished lunch,
which was good enough, and headed towards the hotel to grab our luggage.
Arriving at the bus station, we again took the expat route of hiring a driver
upon discovering that the long wait to buy our bus tickets was set to make us
miss the bus we hoped to take. This time we each paid 15,000 MNT, as the driver
had a buddy who also needed to go to UB. We hit the road, ready to return to UB
and its traffic congestion and hurried atmosphere. We were dropped off at the
Dragon bus station and left to fend for ourselves, easy enough if one knows how
to hail a taxi in Mongolia.
Darkhan is a small
city worth the trip from UB. The quiet streets, clean air, decent restaurants
and attractions make that is once removed from the daily stress associated with
the capital city nearby. With a population of over 75,000, it doesn’t seem as
small as some of the aimaig centers one might visit in Mongolia, yet it is
small enough to feel local and homey. It’s a weekend getaway that’s affordable,
easy to undertake, and highly rewarding.
Saturday, June 16, 2012
Mongolia Today, Mongolia Tomorrow
Mongolia Today, Mongolia Tomorrow
Published June 1, 2012
Once, while walking to my home
after teaching an English lesson at the National University of Mongolia, I
heard a familiar bass line drift through the brisk evening air from a second
story window. In an old grapefruit building next to my school, a young
Mongolian band was practicing a cover of Nirvana’s “Come as You Are.” I
stopped, a little surprised to hear that particular song drifting from the
half-opened window. As I continued walking, it dawned on me that the song
defined so much that I witnessed in Ulaanbaatar every day: its startling
individuality, its anachronistic underpinnings, its double-edged hospitality,
even down to its weapons laws.
If there is truly a place where
West meets East, a place where an old man wearing a traditional Mongolian deel and
checking his iPhone with prayer beads wrapped tightly around his wrist isn’t out of the ordinary, a place where
a woman under the age of 30 helped start and run the first Mongolian stock
market, a location where a young man with a sharp Korean haircut and patent
leather jacket is at ease and walking with his arms behind his back while doing
a bit of throat singing, a place as hot as it is cold, as isolated as it is
welcoming, as mysterious as it is pedestrian—Mongolia is such a place.
It is a country where modernity and
tradition have mixed so fluidly that neither seem oblivious to the other and
every time one is in danger of overshadowing the other, the natural way of
things somehow balances the other out. It is an endless knot of extremities and
creature comforts, culture and technology, whimsicalities and sustainable
groundwork, laudable feats and furtive failures, incipient consumer culture and
daily surprises. Mongolia has a dialectical relationship with itself.
Ulaanbaatar is almost a world unto
itself with its own celebrities, its own host of singular magazines and
newspapers, its own clearly defined communities, widening social gaps clear as UB
days cold as UB nights, its own environmental problems, its own fascinating
history, all within the confines of a city that paints itself larger than it
actually is, a city that is the center of its own world. It is a city that
treats itself how New York treats itself: self-important, an obvious center of
something, a place where everything happens, a place to be seen, a place to be
heard. Yet it is truly in the middle of nowhere, miles from any other major
city, on a vast steppe surrounded by vast steppe surrounded by icy mountains,
fields of livestock, sandy deserts and sandwiched by the Russian and Chinese
border.
This solipsistic mentality, this
come as you are belief system, only adds to the uniqueness that is Mongolia, uniqueness
wrapped in justified self-importance. Justified by its historical place on the
world stage, its budding mining sector, its switch to democracy, justified
through its matchless ability blur the distinction between past and future,
tradition and technology, globalization and cultural identity. The Mongolian
mindset is contagious, dangerous at times, but radically distinct at a time in
history when tedious standardization is prevalent and great powers are waning. It
is invigorating in a world weighed down by economic woes and fruitless wars. It
is booming, it is revitalizing, it is growing so quickly that living in
Ulaanbaatar is quixotic, the growth as mesmerizing as it is frightening.
Mongolia is and always will be as
Mongolia does. It’s the Wild West of Asia, the last frontier, Minegolia, the
land of Chinggis Khan, the last nomadic stronghold or whatever buzzword
economists and social historians levy on it. While the sustainability of its
growth is yet to be seen, and many would rightly argue needs to be addressed, the
near future seems to be pretty bright for the unique inhabitants of the Asian
steppe.
Tuesday, May 29, 2012
Vetting presidents, setting precedence
By Cooper Baltis
published Friday May 24 in the UB Post
Tense and emotional, confused and distressed, angry and
shocked, these words fail to describe the sentiments of the early morning crowd
gathered outside of N. Enkhbayar’s home on April 13, the day former president of
Mongolia was arrested.
I was at the airport when the first arrest attempts were made,
waiting for my brother to arrive from America. I became curious about the event
as I watched a mob of people gravitate toward a flat screen television hook to the
wall. The television was fixed to a news channel showing live images of police
men holding back a crowd and covering themselves with their riot shields.
Puzzled as to what was going on, I asked my Mongolian friend
whom I had come to the airport with what all the commotion about. She walked
over to the television and stood with the crowd for a moment, read the caption
on the bottom of the screen. She came back a few minutes later to inform me
that the ex-president of Mongolia, Enkhbayar, was being arrested.
After spending nearly a month in jail and going on a hunger
strike in which he lost 16kg, Enkhbayar was released on bail by the Sukhbaatar
district court. Many believe his release was heavily aided heavily by
international pressure, through groups like Amnesty International and the UN,
who cried foul play when the details of the arrest surfaced. With parliamentary
elections soon to take place, an election cycle Enkhbayar plans to participate
in, the arrest and the publicity could not have come a worse time.
There seems to be a trend this year in executive arrests, a
trend that some see as dangerous and others see as necessary. In February,
Maldives issued an arrest warrant for Mohamed Nasheed, a founder of the
Maldivian Democratic Party and former president of Maldives from 2008 to 2012.
A political prisoner during his youth, the reasoning behind this call to be
taken into custody is still unclear.
In March, the Malawi
government arrested Austin Atupele Muluzi, son of former President Bakili Muluzi.
Guinea-Bissau’s interim president Raimundo Pereira was arrested at his home in
April. Also In April, Malian soldiers began arresting allies of ousted
President Amadou Toumani, after a coup which forced him into hiding. While some
of these cases differ from the recent Mongolian situation, common themes and
the possibility of future scenarios are frighteningly clear.
In the United States, the term “executive privilege” is used
to describe the ability for the President and close members of his or her branch
to resist certain types of intrusion from the judicial and legislative branches
of the government. While governmental systems differ around the globe, I will
use this term to define a president or prime minister’s ability to defy arrest.
To be a president is to naturally be the one to take blame
for everything. A citizen lost his or her job? It’s your fault. The economy’s
performance is lackluster? You’d better fix it. Some people feel they don’t
have the same rights as others? Again, your fault. The roads in some faraway
city are deteriorating? You should be fixing this. Foreigners are investing in
your country? How dare they! There’s a drought? It must be because you forgot
to make it rain. The hot water isn’t working? You should have heated the water
yourself. Someone got hit by a car? You should have added more traffic lights.
Someone is overweight? Quit feeding them candy.
The need for executive privilege arises from all these
scenarios. It is easy to blame a president for anything and everything that
went wrong during his or her term. The need for executive privilege is anchored
by the fact that being president is a double-edged sword. Lives are taken into
your hands, peoples livelihoods depend on you, and things you do or say can
affect your country’s economic outlook during your term and for decades after.
This coupled with the fact that the ears of a former president have been filled
with sensitive information regarding a variety of subjects only add to the
argument for executive privilege.
Executive privilege can also be a dangerous thing. There are
many scenarios that have been played out globally in which a president took
advantage of their position. This can cost lives, produce economic turmoil and
create unnecessary wars. Executive privilege creates a situation where bringing
warranted justice to a president is difficult, generating gross circumstances
in regards to accountability. If presidents are not held accountable for
certain types of offenses, then the very foundations of democracy and justice
fracture.
If executive privilege is not administered, problems also
arise for former presidents when the incoming government is that of a political
rival. Regardless of true intent or bona fide evidence, this snag in the
democratic process makes it difficult to bring presidents to justice, whether
they are guilty or not. After all, all current presidents wanting to bring
former presidents to justice should remember that they too will be former
presidents at some point. The sword of supposed justice caters to no man.
With many global news organizations mentioning how
Enkhbayar’s arrest has poked holes in the Mongolian democratic system, the
elections this summer should prove to be interesting. Democracy is always in a
process of experiencing growing pains, as the whim of the people changes daily
and this whim can help or hurt the future prospects of a country. Since a
president is a person, he or she falls too into this category.
Presidents should be held accountable for decisions made
during their time in office; otherwise, nothing will separate a president from
a king besides the term limits. However, due process is a right afforded to all
citizens of a democratic nation, a right that must extend to the president. In
Mongolia’s case, the fact that Enkhbayar was taken into custody in such a
forceful way added international pressure where international pressure wasn’t
needed. This pressure has built over the last month, and is waiting in the
rafters like hungry media dogs for the predicted political explosion this
summer. If Mongolia can learn or modify anything from this recent experience,
it will be to take things lightly this summer. And if power changes hands,
seeking revenge will only exacerbate an already ugly situation. Revenge never
helps anyone in the long run.
Mistakes are constantly made in the democratic process. If
more politicians and citizens recognize and embrace this, changes to the system
are possible and these modifications only enhance the outcome of the system. If
discussions are greeted by anger and resentment, the spiral downward only
hastens the possibility for revenge politics and outward violence. While
executive privilege is a good thing, it must not be used as a shield to shelter
presidents from responsibility and accountability. Democracy is secured by
justice, and once these strings begin to unravel, whatever it was democracy was
protecting us from becomes chillingly apparent.
Tuesday, May 22, 2012
Sunday, May 20, 2012
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